Summation of forces

Summation of forces

One of the key aspects many of the greats NBA players talk about when referring to jump shooting is rhythm. The rhythm of jump shooting is important as it allows for a smooth transition from the preparation phase through to the shooting phase and finally to the follow through phase. This combination of phases is known as a summation of forces which is critical in achieving success when shooting a jump shot. Okazaki & Rodacki (2012) explained how by releasing the ball just prior to the apex of the jump, the accumulated force from the lower limbs can be transferred to optimize force in the upper limbs movement patterns of the jump shot.

 Figure 3.1: The above image of Ray Allen, shows the transfer of force from the lower legs through to the fingertips. The sequence of force proceeds as feet, ankles, calves, quadriceps, trunk of body, shoulders, forearms, wrist then finishing at the fingertips.

The summation of forces is pivotal to Jump shooting when the distance from target increases. This combined movement pattern promotes greater force application without sacrificing accuracy, which based on research by Okazaki & Rodacki (2012) is due to the speed-accuracy trade-off.

The link below is footage of Larry Bird competing in the 1988 3 Point Contest. Bird was considers at the time one of the best players in the league due to his combination of size skill set and deadly jump shot. Notice around the 35 second mark, the commentators begin talking about Bird getting into a rhythm then, after making consecutive shots about being in a ‘good groove’. 

Video 1.1